Effect of illegal small-scale mining on basic education of children in rural communities in Ghana: perspectives for future development

Despite the substantial contribution of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) to economic growth and livelihood diversification, the activities of this highly informal sector pose diverse challenges. Environmental pollution and social problems can hinder development. The study examined the problem of illegal mining and the factors that influence children to participate in ASM; through a survey of 186 participants and stakeholder interviews. The results showed that at least one child from each household was involved in ASM because of poverty.  The findings highlight the need to formalize the ASM sector to reduce the negative impact, support operators, and promote best practices. © 2021 The African Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers.