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The effect of internet services on child education outcomes: evidence from poa! Internet in Kenya
Self-employment preferences among university graduates in Ghana: Does gender make a difference?
Relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, physical activity level, and academic stress among undergraduates students of University of Nigeria
Relationship Between COVID-19 Related Knowledge and Anxiety Among University Students: Exploring the Moderating Roles of School Climate and Coping Strategies
Empirical evaluation of rural farmers? preparedness and intention to use a dairy application for collaboration with a higher education institution in Uganda
Influence of Language Anxiety and Prior Knowledge on ESL Students' Achievement in Expository Essay in Ibadan North LGA, Nigeria
Entrepreneurship education and the moderating role of inclusion in the entrepreneurial action of disabled students
Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia
Research Performance and Hierarchical Staff-Mix by Rank in a Research-Oriented System: A Case Study
Sex-For-Marks Scandals in South-East Nigeria Institutions of Higher Learning, Female Students Victim and the War against Sexual Harassment
E-learning experiences of adults during Covid-19 outbreak: The moderating effect of gender
E-learning experiences of adults during Covid-19 outbreak: The moderating effect of gender
by Olivia Adwoa Tiwaah Frimpong Kwapong
Keep ReadingThe effect of internet services on child education outcomes: evidence from poa! Internet in Kenya
by Okyere, C.Y.
In 2016-2018 poa! Internet, a private internet service provider, distributed free internet services across schools in Nairobi, Kenya. Using inverse probability weighting (IPW) method, the study finds that the intervention significantly increases students’ internet use and training, receipt of information on educational content, and participation in information and communication technologies (ICTs) education programmes. However, the study does not find evidence that internet services increase school attendance. The results suggest that facilitating access to internet services in schools can significantly increase child computer and internet skills and training in developing countries, even if those investments have limited gains on school attendance. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Self-employment preferences among university graduates in Ghana: Does gender make a difference?
by Nana Akua Anyidoho
Motivation: Youth employment has become an urgent policy issue in Africa. Half of the population is under 25 years old on a continent in which job creation lags behind economic growth. Consequently, policy-makers have increasingly proposed self-employment as a solution to the challenge of youth unemployment. Purpose: This study examines self-employment preferences among university graduates in Ghana. We address two related questions: (1) Are there gender differences in young people’s willingness to pursue self-employment; and (2) what are the predictors of preference for self-employment in male and female graduates?. Methods and approach: Our analysis draws on a sample of 1,180 university graduates interviewed during their compulsory year of national service, which follows graduation. We analyse gender and other sub-group differences using t-tests for statistical significance of differences in means. We then estimate multinomial logit regressions to analyse what factors predict employment preferences. Findings: We find substantial gender differences in preferences for self-employment. Despite women having higher rates of self-employment in the economy, the female graduates in our sample are significantly less likely to prefer self-employment than men—12% of women and 16% of men report that their desired type of work would be self-employment. Moreover, while marital status and childbearing are the strongest predictors of self-employment preferences for women, self-employment experience and financial background are the strongest predictors for men. Policy implications: This study suggests that gender differences in labour market outcomes are partly a function of differential preferences rooted in unequal constraints. Bridging these gendered inequalities will require policy interventions that both impact the preferences women form prior to entering the labour market and address their gender-specific concerns about family responsibilities. © The Authors 2021. Development Policy Review © 2021 ODI
Relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, physical activity level, and academic stress among undergraduates students of University of Nigeria
by Ikenna, Uchenwoke Chigozie
BACKGROUND: Academic stress is a common experience among university students. It can affect the body composition of the students through behavioral changes, which further affect their physical activity level (PAL). Musculoskeletal disorders could arise from the interaction of these factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PAL, academic stress, selected anthropometric indices, and the development of MSDs among a selected Nigerian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 256 (129 females and 127 males) undergraduates of the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus aged 15-30 years using Student's Stress Inventory to evaluate academic stress, the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to determine the PAL, and a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to assess MSDs. RESULTS: The results showed a high PAL with the male students having more PAL (61.4%) than female students. Secondly, the prevalence of MSDs among the population was high (66.02%) and the students faced moderate academic stress with the prevalence being more among the female students (75.2%). A significant difference was observed between academic stress and the development of MSDs (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This study's findings support the hypothesis that increased academic stress and low level of physical activity are linked to increased risks of MSDs among students. Thus, it is warranted that the University curriculum is re-adjusted and incorporate public enlightenment programs on possible causes and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, stress management, and coping strategies.
Relationship Between COVID-19 Related Knowledge and Anxiety Among University Students: Exploring the Moderating Roles of School Climate and Coping Strategies
by Quansah, Frank
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in abrupt disruptions in teaching and learning activities in higher education, with students from diverse programs suffering varying levels of anxieties. The physical education field happens to be one of the most affected academic areas due to its experiential content as a medium of instruction. In this study, we investigated the roles of school climate and coping strategies in the relationship between COVID-19 related knowledge and anxiety. Through the census approach, a cross-sectional sample of 760 students was administered a questionnaire in two universities offering Physical Education in Ghana: the University of Education, Winneba, and University of Cape Coast. The outcome of the study found a positive and significant link between COVID-19 knowledge and anxiety. Further, school climate and coping strategies significantly moderated the relationship between students' COVID-19 knowledge and associated anxiety. The findings have implications for creating a conducive school environment that reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection and through students' adoption of active coping strategies in an attempt to reduce psychological distress associated with COVID-19 anxiety.
Empirical evaluation of rural farmers? preparedness and intention to use a dairy application for collaboration with a higher education institution in Uganda
by Sheila, Nanyanzi Alice
The current study evaluates rural farmers' preparedness and intentions to use a dairy application through a broadened Technology Acceptance Model. Data was gathered from 466 respondents from the Rwenzori region of Uganda by way of a survey. The aspiration Intention to use the application was assessed with nine constructs. A Partial Least Squares-structural equation modeling analysis technique was applied to test the research model using Smart PLS (v3.3.3) software. The analysis results provide strong support for the anticipated relationships in the research model. In particular, awareness and normative influence showed a positive effect on rural farmers' preparedness to collaborate through the application. Additionally, readiness, self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, hedonic and utilitarian attitudes have statistically positive effects on rural farmers' intentions to use the application. This study complements the literature by highlighting factors influencing people's intentions to use applications. Finally, analytical results yielded valuable theoretical and practical implications for higher education institutions, agencies, and policymakers interested in using emerging technologies for collaboration and development. Such implications lead to policy initiatives that promote the adoption and use of technological tools. Forthcoming research should explore the actual utilisation of the application rather than readiness and intention. © 2022 The Authors
Influence of Language Anxiety and Prior Knowledge on ESL Students' Achievement in Expository Essay in Ibadan North LGA, Nigeria
by Olagbaju O.O.
Recent research efforts in teacher education in Nigeria have largely focused on innovative instructional delivery with little attention to learner-related variables such as language anxiety and prior knowledge that can influence learning outcomes in English composition in ESL classrooms. Notwithstanding these interventions, the problems of mass failure and poor quality of essays still persist in Nigerian schools. Studies have confirmed that language-related anxiety and prior knowledge in ESL classroom can influence students' achievement irrespective of the quality of instruction received by learners in a second/foreign language classroom. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between language anxiety and prior knowledge on achievement in expository essay. Three null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance, and 350 participants were randomly selected from four senior secondary schools. Data were collected using two research instruments and the results showed that there was no significant relationship between the independent variables and students' achievement in expository essay. Also, there were no composite and relative contributions of language anxiety and prior knowledge on students' achievement in expository essay. The study was concluded by making recommendations to ESL teachers and students on how to improve achievement in expository writing. © 2021 Oladotun Opeoluwa Olagbaju.
Entrepreneurship education and the moderating role of inclusion in the entrepreneurial action of disabled students
by Reuel Johnmark Dakung
Educators and policymakers have sought to open entrepreneurship to a broader range of students. The paper investigates the role of entrepreneurship education in the development of People with Physical Disabilities (PWPDs) and the moderating role of inclusion in their entrepreneurial action. This research employed a cross-sectional survey of 253 students with physical disabilities across tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The findings underscore the significant role of entrepreneurship education in enhancing the entrepreneurial action of physically disabled students. The finding of the study established the moderating role of inclusion in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurial action of physically disabled students. This implies that the commitment of the educators to accept and support physically disabled students in the class will create an environment in which physically disabled students can learn to monitor and respond to entrepreneurial changes in the environment. This will in turn prepare them to engage in a business start-up. This research highlights that entrepreneurship education and inclusion make significant contributions to physically disabled students’ entrepreneurial action. Therefore, these factors are key to consider in preparing physically disabled students to become entrepreneurial graduates. The study contributes to the extant literature by underscoring the value of creating an environment of inclusion in entrepreneurship education. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia
by Shiferaw, K
This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant association (P<0.05) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) (P<0.05). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.
Research Performance and Hierarchical Staff-Mix by Rank in a Research-Oriented System: A Case Study
by Virtue U. Ekhosuehi
This study examines the relationship between the research performance and the hierarchical staff-mix by rank (or staff-mix categories) for academics in a research-oriented system. A supervised learning approach is employed to classify academics on the basis of their research performance and the association between this classification and the staff-mix categories is measured using the Somer's D coefficient. Although there have been other studies on research performance for such a system based on the volume-based indicators of research performance, this is the first study that assesses the researchers' position in the academic reward structure on the basis of research performance. The Scopus database is used as a collection of individual productivity in research. A case-study is presented on a cross-section of academics in the mathematics discipline from different federal universities in Nigeria. The results show that there is a dearth of outstanding scientists in the system and that there is a weak association between research performance and the staff-mix categories. The need for scientific collaboration by way of a continuous collegial interaction between the outstanding scientists and the emerging scholars in the system is suggested. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Co.
Sex-For-Marks Scandals in South-East Nigeria Institutions of Higher Learning, Female Students Victim and the War against Sexual Harassment
by Okafor, Samuel O.
A number of studies have examined sexual harassment as it affects women and girls however; there are gaps in information in view of the magnitude of the incidence of sexual harassment in different parts of the world. The present study, inspired by the issue of sex-for-mark scandals in Nigerian institutions of higher learning, investigated the incidence of sexual harassment between female students and male staffs] across the institutions of higher learning in south east Nigeria. Guided by the Tripartite Model of sexual harassment and male dominance theory, the study adopted cross sectional survey involving 1200 female undergraduates (17+). Among the findings of the study, voluntary report of sexual harassment is correlated with perceived receptivity of the institution in handling sexual harassment of female students by male staff and female students (B=2.455, OR=11.644), secondary school gender (B=1.396, OR=4.041), source of sex education (B=.777, OR=2.176), availability of place to report sexual harassment in the institution (B=.509, OR=1.664), and religion of the students (B=.353, OR=1.423)p<.05. Similarly, willingness to report sexual harassment is positively correlated with perceived receptivity of the institution in handling sexual harassment of female students by male staff (B=1.205, OR=3.337), source of sex education (B=.264, OR=1.303), sex education (B=.289, OR=1.336) and sexual harassment experience (B=.465, OR=1.592) p<.05. Of the 61.5% who have been sexually harassed only 10.4% made attempt in reporting the matter © 2022,Italian Sociological Review.All Rights Reserved
E-learning experiences of adults during Covid-19 outbreak: The moderating effect of gender
by Olivia Adwoa Tiwaah Frimpong Kwapong
Covid-19 has brought surprises in the educational landscape. Educational institutions had to hurriedly migrate all teaching, learning and assessment activities to online platforms. Such was the case of adult learners who had signed on to the access course for entrance into the University of Ghana. This study sought to find out how the e-learning experiences of adult learners differed across gender as they studied English language, Logic and Mathematics online. From a quantitative analysis of the data, the online experience of students with regard to Mathematics learning did not differ along gender lines. Therefore, the experiences of males and females were similar. Though, there were differences across gender groups regarding Logic and English language experiences, those of Logic experience were much bigger, where males provided overall more positive ratings than females. Specifically, for Logic experience, instructors’ show of respect to students, understanding of the learning needs of students and effective communication were rated generally better among males than females. Going forward, Logic instructors should pay equal attention to both groups irrespective of their gender to identify their learning needs and support them accordingly. Furthermore, all the instructors irrespective of their course could continue to improve their delivery of the courses as well as their relationships with the students in order to enhance future experience of the students. © The Author(s) 2021.
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